Installation and dismantle workers employed under a collective bargaining agreement between a union and a labor contractor or venue, whose wages, hours, working conditions, and jurisdictional work rules are governed by the applicable union contract. Union labor is the standard workforce for trade show installation in most major convention markets in the United States and is required for specific categories of work in union venues regardless of the exhibitor’s preference. Understanding union labor requirements at each show city is essential for accurate budgeting and installation planning.